Las Posadas
Zacatlán de las Manzanas, Mexico
The tourist office, under the archways in the main plaza, was open when I
arrived in the small colonial town of Zacatlán de las Manzanas, two hours
east of Mexico City. The plaza, anchored by the 16th century ex Convento de San
Franciso, was aglow in silvery fog that foreshadowed the magical time I was to
spend. I had been told that Zacatlán celebrated traditional Mexican Christmas Posadas,
the symbolic journey of the Holy Family from Nazareth to Bethlehem seeking shelter,
and I wanted to join in this nine-day festival.
The plaza, anchored by the 16th century ex Convento
de San Franciso, was aglow in silvery fog that foreshadowed the magical time
I was to spend.
The Posada (literally inn) tradition began in
Mexico in 1587 when an Augustine order requested permission of Pope Sixto V to
authorize a Novena, a nine-day Christmas celebration.
The Augustinians, who used theater, drama and song in the process of conversion,
not only wished to tell the story leading to Christ's birth, but wanted to supercede
the Aztecs' twenty-day annual December festival dedicated to Huitzilopochtli,
their war god.
Bethlehem Stars
Today Posadas are often reduced to a single evening but historically it is
a Novena celebrated daily from December 16th to the 24th, which of course is
then followed by Christmas on the 25th. I came to Zacatlán to experience
the Posadas as a Novena, the religious ritual in a provincial setting.
Mary Carmen Olvera Trejo, Director of Tourism, was seated behind her desk,
wearing a soft, bluish-white, downy sweater, working at her laptop computer,
when I entered. She instantly looked up, greeted me, invited me to sit down,
and asked, "How can we help you?" I said, "Where should I go
for Posadas?" She penciled an outline with directions where I could visit
Posadas during the week, in the schools, the churches and also suggested Hospital
San José. And in a gesture of good will, knowing that I was alone, she
invited me to the Olvera Family Reunion-Posada on Christmas Eve. Zacatlán
is a compact colonial town with a huge clock in the central plaza. Red tiled
adobe buildings, windows framed with iron grills, and cobblestone streets give
the visitor a feeling of history and tradition. I could walk to the Posadas that
Mary Carmen suggested.
Hospital San José
Late that first afternoon I joined the Posadas at Hospital San José where
children, warmly dressed in well-worn jackets and jeans, had gathered in the
chapel. They looked as if they could be the children of the shepherds that were
present at the first Christmas.
Passing out treats. San Jose Hospital
In the hospital chapel, I sat in the front pew next to a little girl whose
rosy cheeks glowed through her dark skin. She sat quietly while her mottled brown-blue
eyes carefully examined my camera.
The church was a cream colored white with purple drapes. The director, a petit
nurse-nun dressed in white and wearing wire glasses, introduced me as a guest.
She used the opportunity to remind the children to be on their best behavior
so as to leave the visitor with a good opinion.
The service began. Children sang the rosary. The chapel was in the center
of the hospital with a corridor encircling the chapel. We stood. Four children
in the back of the church lifted a plank with an angel, Mary and Joseph on their
shoulders. It was decorated with a green pine tree branch and Christmas ornaments.
The procession came up the center aisle, turned right and then began a journey
around the outer corridor of the inner chapel. The choir and students followed
Joseph and Mary and made periodic stops, as did the Biblical Holy Family when
looking for a place to rest in Bethlehem. The children continued singing the
rosary: Hail Mary's and the Our Father.
At each stop, the Holy Family asked for shelter and
was denied. Finally, after a full circuit, in the hospital, the Holy Family found
rest, and the nun dressed in white passed out gifts: oranges, sugar cane, jicama,
peanuts and other treats.
At each stop, the Holy Family asked for shelter and was denied. Finally, after
a full circuit, in the hospital, the Holy Family found rest, and the nun dressed
in white passed out gifts: oranges, sugar cane, jicama, peanuts and other treats.
Young children marveled at their good fortune. I was surprised to see such pleasure
from what I would have deemed modest.
Church of St. Francis
The next day at the Church of St. Francis, the largest in town, I encountered
a different expression of the Posada. After we entered the church, the doors
were closed. The rosary was not sung but a number of journeys were made around
the inside of the church, with young men carrying statues of the Holy Family.
We stopped at the various niches as if seeking an inn.
Mary in blue
When the procession rested, a verse of the traditional Posada Song was sung.
The Posada Song consists of two alternating choruses. First, the Holy Family
requests shelter, then there is a response, "This is no inn. Continue on
your way. I will not open. You could be thieves." Back and forth, there
is a request and a denial. Then it is revealed, the chorus sings, "The queen
of heaven is asking for shelter. It is Joseph and Mary, his beloved spouse, who
stand at your doors and seek lodging in your house." The climax follows, "Let
the doors be thrown open, let the drapes be drawn, for the Queen of Heaven has
come to rest."
School: Juana de Arca, Atexna
But it was on the road to El Refugio, a holistic cabin and campground enclave,
where I found the most memorable procession. Here was simplicity, faith and tradition
among grammar school children reenacting the Holy Family's journey and their
quest for shelter.
Here was simplicity, faith and tradition among grammar
school children reenacting the Holy Family's journey and their quest for shelter.
As I turned off the highway onto the rutted dirt road at Atexna, children
had just left a solitary church and had just started their trek up the road to
their primary school. I quickly parked and asked the teacher, Guillermina Juarez
Martinez, if I might join the pilgrims. She was happy to welcome me.
Joseph dressed in green and gold, Mary wore blue, and Jesus' godmother looked
angelic in white. Angels, shepherds, wise men, parents and teachers followed
the Holy Family. Solemnly they hiked up the hill reenacting the journey from
Nazareth to Bethlehem. I ran ahead and took pictures of the pilgrimage treading
on the damp earth road framed with maguey cactus.
The procession arrived at the school. A number of students entered, but the
Holy Family, angels and shepherds, stayed outside. I was inside with my camera.
The Posada Song was sung with the alternating choruses. The door was opened,
the Holy Family entered, and students gathered in front of the manger. Joseph
in green and gold stood on the right, and Mary with her light blue cape stood
on the left, while the godmother, seated in the center, rocked Baby Jesus.
Mixing of traditions, Santa and angel
Guillermina Juarez Martinez kneeled and kissed the Baby Jesus. Everyone, pupils
and teachers followed her example. Then small gifts were distributed and hot
punch was served.
I enjoyed the pageantry, the processions, the rituals, and the songs. But
what I had not realized was that I was yet to experience the love and the essence
of the Christmas message.
Olvera Family Reunion-Posada
Mary Carmen had invited me to the Olvera Family Reunion-Posada. The party
was at 7 p. m. Christmas Eve. I said, "Seven or after seven?" I didn't
want to be the first to arrive, especially at a family gathering of over 80 relatives.
Mary Carmen said, "A partir de las siete." (Any time after 7.)
I meant to arrive about 7:30 but I got lost. In the dark I couldn't find the
turnoff to the family homestead, and I knew I was within yards. But in the dark,
along the road, the Grand Marquis' headlights made every shrub bristle as if
it were the sign of an entryway. Luckily, there was a nearby restaurant getting
ready for a Christmas Eve Party and the owner was cordial and told me precisely
where to turn.
I arrived at 8 just in time to join the outdoor chorus singing the Posada
Song asking for shelter. When the doors opened I entered into a grand multi-generational
family reunion and celebration.
Here I found more than the Christmas Posada, the Holy Family pilgrim tradition
and a religious service.
Señor Olvera, Mary Carmen's father, 83, and family patriarch, dressed
in a suit and tie and wearing a short overcoat and a brown beret, spoke to his
family. He embraced his wife Julita, dressed in a red coat, and gave thanksgivings
for their blessings, and family prayers for those present and absent. Testimonials
were spoken for the family's happiness. One by one adult children hugged their
parents. There was a gift exchange, a grand feast (with 8 daughters, food was
abundant), toasts (even Viva California!), and dancing to salsa, marimba, rock
'n roll, waltz, fox trot and swing.
We danced together, in a group, in a line, in a circle, in the center of the
circle (nudged forward for an impromptu jig, or whirl). There was a call for "Los
Calvos", the bald guys, only two of us, the other being Eduardo, a son-in-law
from Aguacaliente, where cock fighting is the annual attraction at the San Marcos
Fair, so Eduardo and I pantomimed our interpretation of a two strutting cocks
to cheers and applause.
Then singing, Mary Carmen led, followed by nearly every guest, some reluctant,
needing encouragement, some with good voices like Mary Carmen, some frogs like
myself who sang El Rey, but I had to pull Mary Carmen up with me as I was uncertain
of all the lyrics, so we ended up a duet.
Husbands brought tears, pure streams of joy to their wives, as they sang love
ballads, with words like, "My life would be nothing without you, you are
my total love, my source, my reason for being," while directing a fixed
gaze, eye to eye with the wife.
There were other songs and recitations, humorous, or just favorites, more
toasts, more dancing, a total spectacle of a loving, endearing, supporting, joyful
family, whose patriarch's favorite response to, "Como está?" (How
are you?) is, "Yo soy agradecido de haber nacido." (I'm grateful for
having been born.)
La Piñata and a Funeral
I drove home alert, not tired at 3 a.m. Mary Carmen told me to join the family
at noon for the children's Christmas Piñata Fiesta. Afterwards, she said,
we would join her nephew, his wife and daughter at La Trucha (The Trout) Restaurant
for Christmas dinner.
When I arrived, plans had changed. We would be going to a funeral at 2 p.m.
An elderly aunt died Christmas Eve and in Mexico burial is the next day. It seemed
ironic. During Day of the Dead in San Miguel de Allende, I witnessed a wedding,
and here in Zacatlán, on Christmas Day, I would be present at a funeral.
At noon, the children took turns, blindfolded (a symbol that the only guide
is faith), and smacked the piñata. It was a clay pot covered with a 7-pointed
star decorated in brilliant red, blue, orange, green, gold, silver, purple and
white with paper streamers, which symbolized the Seven Deadly Sins. When it broke,
treats gushed out. Children gathered up the traditional gifts: sweet potatoes,
jicama, sugar cane, peanuts, oranges, a few small toys, balls and Spiderman figures,
caramels and hard candy.
After the piñata, the festivities quieted. We still had a funeral and
Christmas dinner to attend.
The sun was out. I was now part of Mary Carmen's family and we walked up the
hill to the original homestead, which was being used for storage. I no longer
thought of the fog. Here on a hill outside Zacatlán the weather was warm
and the sky crystal blue. Children were taking turns on a swing. The homestead
was built L shaped and I photographed the flowers. I took nine photos, all different.
We traveled back to Zacatlán for the 2 p.m. funeral. I dropped Mary
Carmen and her nephew, wife and child in front of the church, and then continued,
looking for a parking place.
The funeral was short. But the church overflowed. In a small town, everyone
is related. The casket, carried by 6 men, was placed in a funeral limousine and
an entourage followed the slow-moving hearse to the cemetery. It was only a few
blocks distant. The aunt was laid to rest on Christmas Day.
Christmas Dinner
We backtracked past the Olvera homestead, drove to Jicolapa, a small village
outside Zacatlán, and then into the quiet green pine forest and onto a
dirt road that lead to mountain streams, a trout farm and a restaurant. We had
been delayed. We were the last guests to arrive at La Trucha.
I felt as if I had returned home to northern Colorado and had just driven
up the Poudre Valley River Canyon.
We selected our trout direct from the pond. Shortly, dinner, wrapped and baked
in tinfoil with herbs, was served. We toasted, clinking bottles of cold beer.
We were in a simple wood-framed building in the pine forest next to a stream
with turkeys wandering about.
Our dining room was more like a giant tree house than a restaurant. It was
modest, rustic, and appropriate for Christmas. Christ had been born in a manger.
-- Dick Davis
Dick
Davis travels frequently and contributes articles to www.ourmexico.com. This
story is from their RSS feed of publically accessible articles. Dick has taught
in both Mexico and Spain and is happy to share his experiences. A resolute companion
in his Mexican travels is his Grand Marquis. He can be contacted at: dickdavis40@hotmail.com